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Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson (30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937) was a New Zealand physicist who was a pioneering researcher in both atomic and nuclear physics. He has been described as "the father of nuclear physics", [ 7 ] and "the greatest experimentalist since Michael Faraday ". [ 8 ]
[12] [13] Rutherford proposed a model of the atom in which a very small, dense and positively charged nucleus of protons was surrounded by orbiting, negatively charged electrons (the Rutherford model). [14] Niels Bohr improved upon this in 1913 by reconciling it with the quantum behaviour of electrons (the Bohr model). [15] [16] [17]
The honour in fact belongs to New Zealander Sir Ernest Rutherford, who demonstrated atoms could be split during experiments at Victoria University of Manchester in 1919.
The Rutherford model is a name for the first model of an atom with a compact nucleus. The concept arose from Ernest Rutherford discovery of the nucleus. Rutherford directed the Geiger–Marsden experiment in 1909, which showed much more alpha particle recoil than J. J. Thomson's plum pudding model of the atom could explain. Thomson's model had ...
That evening, Cockcroft and Walton met at Rutherford's home and produced a letter for Nature in which they announced their results, the first artificial disintegration of an atomic nucleus, which can be described thus: [18] [19] 7 3 Li + p → 2 4 2 He + 17.2 MeV. This feat was popularly known as splitting the atom. [19]
In 1911, Ernest Rutherford proposed a model of the atom in which a very small, dense and positively charged nucleus of protons was surrounded by orbiting, negatively charged electrons (the Rutherford model). [27] Niels Bohr improved upon this in 1913 by reconciling the quantum behavior of electrons (the Bohr model).
The term originated in 1903 when Ernest Rutherford began to speak of the possibility of atomic energy. [1] H. G. Wells popularized the phrase "splitting the atom", [citation needed] before discovery of the atomic nucleus. Atomic energy includes: Nuclear binding energy, the energy required to split a nucleus of an atom.
Larmor, created the first solar system model of the atom in 1897. He also postulated the proton, calling it a "positive electron". He said the destruction of this type of atom making up matter "is an occurrence of infinitely small probability". [7] 1899–1903 – Ernest Rutherford investigates radioactivity.