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People with bipolar disorder often have other co-existing psychiatric conditions such as anxiety (present in about 71% of people with bipolar disorder), substance abuse (56%), personality disorders (36%) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (10–20%) which can add to the burden of illness and worsen the prognosis. [24]
The Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS) is a psychiatric self-rating scale created by Ronald Pies in screening for bipolar disorder (BD). [1] Its initial version consists of a descriptive narrative aimed to capture the nuances and milder variants of BD. [ 2 ]
Bipolar disorder is a mental disorder with cyclical periods of depression and periods of elevated mood. [1] The elevated mood is significant and is known as mania , a severe elevation that can be accompanied by psychosis in some cases, or hypomania , a milder form of mania.
BD-NOS is a mood disorder and one of four subtypes on the bipolar spectrum, which also includes bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, and cyclothymia. [1] BD-NOS was a classification in the DSM-IV and has since been changed to Bipolar "Other Specified" and "Unspecified" in the 2013 released DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
Bipolar disorder is often a lifelong condition, and patients should be followed up regularly for relapse prevention. [27] Although BP-II is thought to be less severe than BP-I in regard to symptom intensity, BP-II is associated with higher frequencies of rapid cycling and depressive episodes. [ 28 ]
Bipolar I disorder requires confirmation of only 1 full manic episode for diagnosis, but may be associated with hypomanic and depressive episodes as well. [7] Diagnosis for bipolar II disorder does not include a full manic episode; instead, it requires the occurrence of both a hypomanic episode and a major depressive episode. [7]