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Shellfish poisoning includes four syndromes that share some common features and are primarily associated with bivalve molluscs (such as mussels, clams, oysters and scallops.) [1] As filter feeders, these shellfish may accumulate toxins produced by microscopic organisms, such as cyanobacteria, diatoms and dinoflagellates.
Amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) is an illness caused by consumption of shellfish that contain the marine biotoxin called domoic acid. [1] In mammals , including humans, domoic acid acts as a neurotoxin , causing permanent short-term memory loss , brain damage , and death in severe cases.
Scombroid food poisoning, also known as simply scombroid, is a foodborne illness that typically results from eating spoiled fish. [ 2 ] [ 4 ] Symptoms may include flushed skin , sweating , headache , itchiness , blurred vision , abdominal cramps and diarrhea .
Paralytic shellfish poisoning, or PSP, is caused by saxitoxin, a naturally occurring toxin that’s produced by algae. Saxitoxin is a neurotoxin, meaning it can damage nerve tissue.
Most people with paralytic shellfish poisoning develop symptoms within 30 minutes of consuming contaminated seafood and symptoms range from the tingling of the lips, mouth and tongue, “pins and ...
These shellfish are filter feeders and accumulate neurotoxins, chiefly saxitoxin, produced by microscopic algae, such as dinoflagellates, diatoms, and cyanobacteria. [1] Dinoflagellates of the genus Alexandrium are the most numerous and widespread saxitoxin producers and are responsible for PSP blooms in subarctic, temperate, and tropical ...
This contamination of shellfish leads to multiple severe human related illnesses. [2] [4] These illnesses include paralytic shellfish poisoning, diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, neurotoxic shellfish poisoning, and ciguatera fish poisoning. [2] Dinotoxins are impacting not only the marine ecosystem, but the economy as well. [4]
Shellfish like clams, mussels and oysters can be harvested from waters contaminated by leaking septic systems, or by sick people who swim in the water. Fruits and veggies grown in fields may get ...