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The length of the chord through one of the foci, perpendicular to the major axis of the hyperbola, is called the latus rectum. One half of it is the semi-latus rectum. A calculation shows =. The semi-latus rectum may also be viewed as the radius of curvature at the vertices.
The semi-minor axis (minor semiaxis) of an ellipse or hyperbola is a line segment that is at right angles with the semi-major axis and has one end at the center of the conic section. For the special case of a circle, the lengths of the semi-axes are both equal to the radius of the circle.
The latus rectum is defined similarly for the other two conics – the ellipse and the hyperbola. The latus rectum is the line drawn through a focus of a conic section parallel to the directrix and terminated both ways by the curve. For any case, is the radius of the osculating circle at the vertex. For a parabola, the semi-latus rectum, , is ...
Any hyperbola or (non-circular) ellipse has two foci, and any pair of distinct points , in the Euclidean plane and any third point not on line connecting them uniquely determine an ellipse and hyperbola, with shared foci , and intersecting orthogonally at the point .
A ray through the unit hyperbola x 2 − y 2 = 1 at the point (cosh a, sinh a), where a is twice the area between the ray, the hyperbola, and the x-axis. For points on the hyperbola below the x-axis, the area is considered negative (see animated version with comparison with the trigonometric (circular) functions).
The blue path in this image is an example of a hyperbolic trajectory. A hyperbolic trajectory is depicted in the bottom-right quadrant of this diagram, where the gravitational potential well of the central mass shows potential energy, and the kinetic energy of the hyperbolic trajectory is shown in red.
The universal parabolic constant is the red length divided by the green length. The universal parabolic constant is a mathematical constant.. It is defined as the ratio, for any parabola, of the arc length of the parabolic segment formed by the latus rectum to the focal parameter.
In geometry and linear algebra, a principal axis is a certain line in a Euclidean space associated with a ellipsoid or hyperboloid, generalizing the major and minor axes of an ellipse or hyperbola. The principal axis theorem states that the principal axes are perpendicular , and gives a constructive procedure for finding them.