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The strongest risk factor for developing asthma is a history of atopic disease; [66] with asthma occurring at a much greater rate in those who have either eczema or hay fever. [80] Asthma has been associated with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Churg–Strauss syndrome), an autoimmune disease and vasculitis. [81]
Childhood asthma prevalence was found to be higher than 15 percent in a majority of Latin American countries. [31] Similarly, a study published relating to asthma prevalence in Havana, Cuba estimated that approximately 9 percent of children under the age of 15 are undiagnosed for asthma, possible due to lack of resources in the region. [30]
GERD may be common in difficult-to-control asthma, but according to one study, treating it does not seem to affect the asthma. [33] When there is a clinical suspicion for GERD as the cause of the asthma, an Esophageal pH Monitoring is required to confirm the diagnosis and establish the relationship between GERD and asthma.
Asthma endotyping is useful in predicting which patients will benefit from inhaled corticosteroids or targeted therapy using specific biologics, while phenotyping can help predict disease outcomes. Numerous asthma phenotypes and endotypes have been proposed, though not all have been validated or widely accepted. [1] [2] [3]
The Global Burden of Disease Study began in 1990 as a single World Bank–commissioned [3] study that quantified the health effects of more than 100 diseases and injuries for eight regions of the world, giving estimates of morbidity and mortality by age, sex, and region.
People with eczema often have it in combination with other conditions, including asthma, allergies, other skin diseases, depression or anxiety, and poor sleep patterns.
The allergic diseases—hay fever and asthma—have increased in the Western world over the past 2–3 decades. [128] Increases in allergic asthma and other atopic disorders in industrialized nations, it is estimated, began in the 1960s and 1970s, with further increases occurring during the 1980s and 1990s, [ 129 ] although some suggest that a ...
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