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The equivalent spherical diameter of an irregularly shaped object is the diameter of a sphere of equivalent geometric, optical, electrical, aerodynamic or hydrodynamic behavior to that of the particle under investigation. [1] [2] [3]
In applied sciences, the equivalent radius (or mean radius) is the radius of a circle or sphere with the same perimeter, area, or volume of a non-circular or non-spherical object. The equivalent diameter (or mean diameter ) ( D {\displaystyle D} ) is twice the equivalent radius.
For example, the sum of the interior angles of a spherical triangle always exceeds 180 degrees. Also, any two similar spherical triangles are congruent. Any pair of points on a sphere that lie on a straight line through the sphere's center (i.e., the diameter) are called antipodal points – on the sphere, the distance between them is exactly ...
Sphericity is a specific example of a compactness measure of a shape. Sphericity applies in three dimensions ; its analogue in two dimensions , such as the cross sectional circles along a cylindrical object such as a shaft , is called roundness .
Several kinds of object can be measured by equivalent diameter, the diameter of a circular or spherical approximation to the object. This includes hydraulic diameter, the equivalent diameter of a channel or pipe through which liquid flows, and the Sauter mean diameter of a collection of particles. The diameter of a circle is exactly twice its ...
is the equivalent spherical diameter of the packing, is the density of fluid, is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid, is the superficial velocity (i.e. the velocity that the fluid would have through the empty tube at the same volumetric flow rate),
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For example, one sphere that is described in Cartesian coordinates with the equation x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = c 2 can be described in spherical coordinates by the simple equation r = c. (In this system— shown here in the mathematics convention —the sphere is adapted as a unit sphere , where the radius is set to unity and then can generally be ...