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Islamic law did not recognize the classes of slave from pre-Islamic Arabia including those sold or given into slavery by themselves and others, and those indebted into slavery. [8] Though a free Muslim could not be enslaved, conversion to Islam by a non-Muslim slave did not require that he or she then should be liberated.
The dominating Islamic view, expressed by contemporary Arab writers, was that slavery was benevolent since the supply source of slaves were the non-Islamic outside world of Polytheist-Idolators and Barbaric infidels, who thanks to their enslavement would convert to Islam and enjoy the benefits of Islamic civilisation.
The slave trade from Africa to Arabia via the Red Sea had ancient Pre-Islamic roots, and the commercial slave trade was not interrupted by Islam. While in Pre-Islamic Arabia, Arab war captives were common targets of slavery, importation of slaves from Ethiopia across the Red Sea also took place. [16]
There was also a gradation in the status on the slave, and his descendants, after the slave converted to Islam. [127] Under Islamic law, in "what might be called civil matters", a slave was "a chattel with no legal powers or rights whatsoever", states Lewis. A slave could not own or inherit property or enter into a contract.
Under Sharia (Islamic law), [192] [196] children of slaves or prisoners of war could become slaves, but only if they are non-Muslim, leading to the Islamic world to import many slaves from other regions, predominantly Europe. [197] Manumission of a slave was encouraged as a way of expiating sins. [198]
The Islamic Republic of Mauritania was the last country in the world to officially ban slavery, in 1981, [7] with legal prosecution of slaveholders established in 2007. [8] However, in 2019, approximately 40 million people, of whom 26% were children, were still enslaved throughout the world despite slavery being illegal.
Islam and slavery may refer to: Islamic views on slavery in theology / jurisprudence; Islamic views on concubinage in theology / jurisprudence; History of slavery in the Muslim world; History of concubinage in the Muslim world; Arab slave trade; Saqaliba; Slavery in 21st-century jihadism; Ma malakat aymanukum
The dominating Islamic view, expressed by contemporary Arab writers, was that slavery was benevolent since the supply source of slaves were the non-Islamic outside world of Polytheist-Idolators and Barbaric infidels, who thanks to their enslavement would convert to Islam and enjoy the benefits of Islamic civilisation. [31]