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An annuity due is paid at the beginning of each interval period. One example of an annuity due is a rent payment because it is made at the beginning of the month rather than the end. Other ...
Annuity due: Payments are due at the beginning of the period. This seemingly minor difference in timing can impact the future value of an annuity because of the time value of money .
The present value formula is the core formula for the time value of money; each of the other formulas is derived from this formula. For example, the annuity formula is the sum of a series of present value calculations. The present value (PV) formula has four variables, each of which can be solved for by numerical methods:
In Excel, the PV and FV functions take on optional fifth argument which selects from annuity-immediate or annuity-due. An annuity-due with n payments is the sum of one annuity payment now and an ordinary annuity with one payment less, and also equal, with a time shift, to an ordinary annuity. Thus we have:
Again there is a distinction between a perpetuity immediate – when payments received at the end of the period – and a perpetuity due – payment received at the beginning of a period. And similarly to annuity calculations, a perpetuity due and a perpetuity immediate differ by a factor of (+):
The table below gives examples of what a $200,000 immediate, lifetime, fixed-income annuity would pay, for annuitants of several ages. The figures derive from a Charles Schwab calculator .