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  2. Henderson–Hasselbalch equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henderson–Hasselbalch...

    A simple buffer solution consists of a solution of an acid and a salt of the conjugate base of the acid. For example, the acid may be acetic acid and the salt may be sodium acetate . The Henderson–Hasselbalch equation relates the pH of a solution containing a mixture of the two components to the acid dissociation constant , K a of the acid ...

  3. Mass concentration (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_concentration_(chemistry)

    In solutions, mass concentration is commonly encountered as the ratio of mass/[volume solution], or m/v. In water solutions containing relatively small quantities of dissolved solute (as in biology), such figures may be "percentivized" by multiplying by 100 a ratio of grams solute per mL solution. The result is given as "mass/volume percentage".

  4. Weak base - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_base

    With pOH obtained from the pOH formula given above, the pH of the base can then be calculated from =, where pK w = 14.00. A weak base persists in chemical equilibrium in much the same way as a weak acid does, with a base dissociation constant ( K b ) indicating the strength of the base.

  5. pH - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH

    pOH is sometimes used as a measure of the concentration of hydroxide ions, OH −. By definition, pOH is the negative logarithm (to the base 10) of the hydroxide ion concentration (mol/L). pOH values can be derived from pH measurements and vice-versa. The concentration of hydroxide ions in water is related to the concentration of hydrogen ions by

  6. Charlot equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlot_equation

    It can be used for computing the pH of buffer solutions when the approximations of the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation break down. The Henderson–Hasselbalch equation assumes that the autoionization of water is negligible and that the dissociation or hydrolysis of the acid and the base in solution are negligible (in other words, that the ...

  7. Hydronium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydronium

    In pure water, there is an equal number of hydroxide and H + ions, so it is a neutral solution. At 25 °C (77 °F), pure water has a pH of 7 and a pOH of 7 (this varies when the temperature changes: see self-ionization of water). A pH value less than 7 indicates an acidic solution, and a pH value more than 7 indicates a basic solution. [7]

  8. Mass fraction (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_fraction_(chemistry)

    The very ambiguous terms percent solution and percentage solutions with no other qualifiers continue to occasionally be encountered. In thermal engineering, vapor quality is used for the mass fraction of vapor in the steam. In alloys, especially those of noble metals, the term fineness is used for the mass fraction of the noble metal in the alloy.

  9. Chemical equilibrium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_equilibrium

    The composition of solutions containing reactants A and H is easy to calculate as a function of p[H]. When [H] is known, the free concentration [A] is calculated from the mass-balance equation in A. When [H] is known, the free concentration [A] is calculated from the mass-balance equation in A.