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Examples of approved drugs that act as renal tubular transport inhibitors include: Probenecid : This is an inhibitor of the organic anion transport system, particularly OAT1 and OAT3. [ 2 ] [ 1 ] It is used clinically to increase the systemic concentrations of certain drugs by reducing their renal excretion.
Other causes of acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus include hypokalemia (low blood potassium), post-obstructive polyuria, sickle cell disease or trait, amyloidosis, Sjögren syndrome, renal cystic disease, Bartter syndrome, and various medications (amphotericin B, orlistat, ifosfamide, ofloxacin, cidofovir, vaptans).
A simple means of estimating renal function is to measure pH, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and basic electrolytes (including sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate). As the kidney is the most important organ in controlling these values, any derangement in these values could suggest renal impairment.
The drug underwent clinical trials in 1987 [23] and passed Phase III testing in 1988. [24] Before the development of tracers such as 99m Tc-MAG3, a range of other radiopharmaceuticals were employed. The test was first introduced in 1956, using iodine-131 diodrast.
This is a table of drugs that are secreted in the kidney. Acid medication are, because of pH partition, secreted to a higher extent when urine is basic. In the same way, basic medications are secreted to a higher extent when urine is acidic.
Tubulointerstitial disease includes drug- and toxin-induced chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis, and reflux nephropathy; Obstructive nephropathy, as exemplified by bilateral kidney stones and benign prostatic hyperplasia of the prostate gland; rarely, pinworms infecting the kidney can cause obstructive nephropathy.
There are various forms, [2] and some drugs may affect kidney function in more than one way. Nephrotoxins are substances displaying nephrotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity should not be confused with some medications predominantly excreted by the kidneys needing their dose adjusted for the decreased kidney function (e.g., heparin, lithium).
Acute kidney injury (AKI), previously called acute renal failure (ARF), [12] [13] is a rapidly progressive loss of renal function, [14] generally characterized by oliguria (decreased urine production, quantified as less than 400 mL per day in adults, [15] less than 0.5 mL/kg/h in children or less than 1 mL/kg/h in infants); and fluid and ...