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In elementary algebra, the binomial theorem (or binomial expansion) describes the algebraic expansion of powers of a binomial.According to the theorem, the power (+) expands into a polynomial with terms of the form , where the exponents and are nonnegative integers satisfying + = and the coefficient of each term is a specific positive integer ...
The binomial coefficients can be arranged to form Pascal's triangle, in which each entry is the sum of the two immediately above. Visualisation of binomial expansion up to the 4th power. In mathematics, the binomial coefficients are the positive integers that occur as coefficients in the binomial theorem.
For any pair of positive integers n and k, the number of k-tuples of positive integers whose sum is n is equal to the number of (k − 1)-element subsets of a set with n − 1 elements. For example, if n = 10 and k = 4, the theorem gives the number of solutions to x 1 + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 = 10 (with x 1, x 2, x 3, x 4 > 0) as the binomial coefficient
A Binomial distributed random variable X ~ B(n, p) can be considered as the sum of n Bernoulli distributed random variables. So the sum of two Binomial distributed random variables X ~ B(n, p) and Y ~ B(m, p) is equivalent to the sum of n + m Bernoulli distributed random variables, which means Z = X + Y ~ B(n + m, p). This can also be proven ...
Faulhaber's formula concerns expressing the sum of the p-th powers of the first n positive integers = = + + + + as a (p + 1)th-degree polynomial function of n.. The first few examples are well known.
The Leibniz rule bears a strong resemblance to the binomial theorem, and in fact the binomial theorem can be proven directly from the Leibniz rule by taking () = and () =, which gives ( a + b ) n e ( a + b ) x = e ( a + b ) x ∑ k = 0 n ( n k ) a n − k b k , {\displaystyle (a+b)^{n}e^{(a+b)x}=e^{(a+b)x}\sum _{k=0}^{n}{\binom {n}{k}}a^{n-k}b ...
The Gaussian binomial coefficient, written as () or [], is a polynomial in q with integer coefficients, whose value when q is set to a prime power counts the number of subspaces of dimension k in a vector space of dimension n over , a finite field with q elements; i.e. it is the number of points in the finite Grassmannian (,).
For larger positive integer values of n, the correct result is given by the binomial theorem. The name "freshman's dream" also sometimes refers to the theorem that says that for a prime number p, if x and y are members of a commutative ring of characteristic p, then (x + y) p = x p + y p.