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The maximum random access memory (RAM) installed in any computer system is limited by hardware, software and economic factors. The hardware may have a limited number of address bus bits, limited by the processor package or design of the system. Some of the address space may be shared between RAM, peripherals, and read-only memory.
The removable media's capacity must be at least 256 MB [7] (250 MB after formatting, Windows 7 reports in its Event Log a required minimum of 235 MB). Windows 7 allows up to eight devices for a maximum of 256 GB of additional memory, [8] with up to 32 GB on a single storage device. [9] The device must have an access time of 1 ms or less.
Windows; Operating system: Windows 8.1 64-bit, Windows 8 64-bit, Windows 7 Service Pack 1 64-bit, Windows Vista Service Pack 2 64-bit: CPU: Core 2 Quad Q6600 at 2.4 GHz or AMD Phenom 9850 at 2.5 GHz: Memory: 4 GB RAM: Free space: 65 GB of free space: Graphics hardware: DirectX 10-compatible GPU: GeForce 9800GT 1GB or ATI Radeon HD 4870 1GB ...
The DDR4 standard allows for DIMMs of up to 64 GB in capacity, compared to DDR3's maximum of 16 GB per DIMM. [ 1 ] [ 8 ] [ failed verification ] Unlike previous generations of DDR memory, prefetch has not been increased above the 8n used in DDR3; [ 9 ] : 16 the basic burst size is eight 64-bit words, and higher bandwidths are achieved by ...
The memory capacity of a module can be computed from bytes 4, 7 and 8. The module width (byte 8) divided by the number of bits per chip (byte 7) gives the number of chips per rank. That can then be multiplied by the per-chip capacity (byte 4) and the number of ranks of chips on the module (usually 1 or 2, from byte 7).
Many 32-bit computers have 32 physical address bits and are thus limited to 4 GiB (2 32 words) of memory. [3] [4] x86 processors prior to the Pentium Pro have 32 or fewer physical address bits; however, most x86 processors since the Pentium Pro, which was first sold in 1995, have the Physical Address Extension (PAE) mechanism, [5]: 445 which allows addressing up to 64 GiB (2 36 words) of memory.
The lower memory clock frequency may also enable power reductions in applications that do not require the highest available data rates. According to JEDEC [5] the maximum recommended voltage is 1.9 volts and should be considered the absolute maximum when memory stability is an issue (such as in servers or other mission critical devices). In ...
To increase memory capacity and bandwidth, chips are combined on a module. For instance, the 64-bit data bus for DIMM requires eight 8-bit chips, addressed in parallel. Multiple chips with common address lines are called a memory rank. The term was introduced to avoid confusion with chip internal rows and banks. A memory module may bear more ...