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The Philippine revolution brought a wave of nationalistic literary works, with propagandists and revolutionaries advocating for Filipino representation or independence from Spanish authority. Illustrados like Pedro Alejandro Paterno, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Marcelo H. del Pilar, and Jose Rizal contributed to the development of Philippine literature.
Pedro Bucaneg (March 1592 – c. 1630) was a Filipino poet.He is considered the "Father of Ilocano literature."Blind since birth, he is the believed to have authored of parts of the Ilocano epic Biag ni Lam-ang (Life of Lam-ang). [1]
Philippine literature in English has its roots in the efforts of the United States, then engaged in a war with Filipino nationalist forces at the end of the 19th century. By 1901, public education was institutionalized in the Philippines , with English serving as the medium of instruction.
Antipolo by Fernando Amorsolo, depicting Filipinos celebrating the annual pilgrimage to Antipolo, with the pre-War cathedral depicted in the background.. After graduating from the University of the Philippines, Amorsolo worked as a draftsman for the Bureau of Public Works as a chief artist at the Pacific Commercial Company and as a part-time instructor at the University of the Philippines. [7]
Pedro Alejandro Paterno y de Vera Ignacio [2] [note 1] (February 27, 1857 – April 26, 1911) [note 2] [3] was a Filipino politician. He was also a poet and a novelist. [4]His intervention on behalf of the Spanish led to the signing of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato on December 14, 1897, an account of which he published in 1910.
Francisco Arcellana was proclaimed National Artist of the Philippines in Literature on May 23, 1990 by then Philippine President Corazon C. Aquino. [ 4 ] In 2009, or seven years after his death, his family came out with a book to pay tribute to National Artist for Literature Arcellana.
The life of a Philippine epic hero usually follows a pattern, [1]: xvii similar to the Hero's journey: He is born of unusual circumstances. He undergoes miraculous growth into manhood and is possessed of a restlessness to set out on adventures. He lives a life of action and adventure, in the course of which he displays his heroic qualities.
Bienvenido L. Lumbera (April 11, 1932 – September 28, 2021) was a Filipino poet, critic and dramatist. [1] Lumbera is known for his nationalist writing and for his leading role in the Filipinization movement in Philippine literature in the 1960s, which resulted in his being one of the many writers and academics jailed during Ferdinand Marcos' Martial Law regime.