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XPath (XML Path Language) is an expression language designed to support the query or transformation of XML documents. It was defined by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in 1999, [1] and can be used to compute values (e.g., strings, numbers, or Boolean values) from the content of an XML document.
For instance, the XML document and the ASCII tree have the same structure. XML Trees do not show the content in an Instance document, only the structure of the document. In this example Product is the Root Element of the tree and the two child nodes of Product are Name and Details. Details contains two child nodes, Description and Price.
There is not a single, standardized path language for property lists like XPath does for XML, but informal conventions used by various programs exist. A dot syntax version is found in the keypath argument of Apple's plutil. It appears to derive from (id) -[NSObject(NSKeyValueCoding) valueForKeyPath:]. [12]
Compared to XPath 2.0, XPath 3.0 adds the following new features: . Inline function expressions Anonymous functions can be created in an expression context. For example, the expression function ($ a as xs:double, $ b as xs:double) as xs:double {$ a * $ b} creates a function that returns the product of its two arguments.
A processing instruction (PI) is an SGML and XML node type, which may occur anywhere in a document, intended to carry instructions to the application. [1] [2]Processing instructions are exposed in the Document Object Model as Node.PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE, and they can be used in XPath and XQuery with the 'processing-instruction()' command.
Because of the changes in the data model and type system, not all expressions have exactly the same effect in XPath 2.0 as in 1.0. The main difference is that XPath 1.0 was more relaxed about type conversion, for example comparing two strings ( "4" > "4.0" ) was quite possible but would do a numeric comparison; in XPath 2.0 this is defined to ...
The lowercase form is a generic term and may refer to any type of schema, including DTD, XML Schema (aka XSD), RELAX NG, or others, and should always be written using lowercase except when appearing at the start of a sentence. The form "Schema" (capitalized) in common use in the XML community always refers to W3C XML Schema.
Complex types describe the permitted content of an element, including its element and text children and its attributes. A complex type definition consists of a set of attribute uses and a content model. Varieties of content model include: element-only content, in which no text may appear (other than whitespace, or text enclosed by a child element)