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This glossary of chemistry terms is a list of terms and definitions relevant to chemistry, including chemical laws, diagrams and formulae, laboratory tools, glassware, and equipment. Chemistry is a physical science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter , as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions ...
Structure is a fundamental and sometimes intangible notion covering the recognition, observation, nature, and stability of patterns and relationships of entities. From a child's verbal description of a snowflake, to the detailed scientific analysis of the properties of magnetic fields , the concept of structure is an essential foundation of ...
Historically, observations led to many empirical laws, though now it is known that chemistry has its foundations in quantum mechanics. Quantitative analysis : The most fundamental concept in chemistry is the law of conservation of mass, which states that there is no detectable change in the quantity of matter during an ordinary chemical reaction.
Additional SMARTS development was made at Daylight Chemical Information Systems, Inc, which is a private company that was spun out of the software side of MedChem. The most comprehensive descriptions of the SMARTS language can be found in Daylight's SMARTS theory manual, [ 1 ] tutorial [ 2 ] and examples. [ 3 ]
Femtochemistry is the area of physical chemistry that studies chemical reactions on extremely short timescales (approximately 10 −15 seconds or one femtosecond, hence the name) in order to study the very act of atoms within molecules (reactants) rearranging themselves to form new molecules (products).
The chemical descriptor space whose convex hull is generated by a particular training set of chemicals is called the training set's applicability domain. Prediction of properties of novel chemicals that are located outside the applicability domain uses extrapolation , and so is less reliable (on average) than prediction within the applicability ...
Clar's rule has also been supported by experimental results about the distribution of π-electrons in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, [7] valence bond calculations, [8] and nucleus-independent chemical shift studies. [9] Clar's rule is widely applied in the fields of chemistry and materials science.
In chemical nomenclature, a descriptor is a notational prefix placed before the systematic substance name, which describes the configuration or the stereochemistry of the molecule. [1] Some of the listed descriptors should not be used in publications , as they no longer accurately correspond with the recommendations of the IUPAC .