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A semen analysis (plural: semen analyses), also called seminogram or spermiogram, evaluates certain characteristics of a male's semen and the sperm contained therein. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is done to help evaluate male fertility , whether for those seeking pregnancy or verifying the success of vasectomy .
Higher repeatability: Since sperm count, morphology and motility of semen samples fluctuate within a short period of time, results of analysis are less repeatable. SCSA has a repeatability of 0.98-0.99 in clinical settings. Unless disruption is made by different lifestyles or medical intervention, experimental results are reproducible. [9] [4] [13]
How long the man has abstained prior to providing a semen sample correlates with the results of semen analysis and also with success rates in assisted reproductive technology (ART). Both a too short period of time since last ejaculation and a too long one reduce semen quality. A period of time of less than one day reduces sperm count by at ...
When a semen analysis does indicate abnormal results, lifestyle factors recommendations prior to a new semen sample include a nutritional diet, as well as limitations on smoking and alcohol use. A cold bath and removal of tight-fitted underwear apparel may also be recommended within the month prior to re-examination.
A 1992 World Health Organization report described normal human semen as having a volume of 2 mL or greater, pH of 7.2 to 8.0, sperm concentration of 20×10 6 spermatozoa/mL or more, sperm count of 40×10 6 spermatozoa per ejaculate or more, and motility of 50% or more with forward progression (categories a and b) of 25% or more with rapid ...
Males from India had a 30.3% decline in sperm count, 22.9% decline in sperm motility, and a 51% decrease in morphology over a span of a decade. Doctors in India disclosed that the sperm count of a fertile Indian male had decreased by a third over a span of three decades. [82]
Laboratory examination of seminal vesicle fluid requires a semen sample, e.g. for semen culture or semen analysis. Fructose levels provide a measure of seminal vesicle function and, if absent, bilateral agenesis or obstruction is suspected. [13] Imaging of the vesicles is provided by medical imaging; either by transrectal ultrasound, CT or MRI ...
In order to obtain the fraction rich in spermatozoa, the top layer is collected. It is still widely used and useful in normozoospermia. It allows to obtain fractions with more than 90% of PR spermatozoa. Density gradients. In this technique, a tube is filled with layers of liquids of different densities and semen is placed on the top layer.