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The gross national income (GNI), previously known as gross national product (GNP), is the total amount of factor incomes earned by the residents of a country. It is equal to gross domestic product (GDP), plus factor incomes received from non-resident by residents, minus factor income paid by residents to non-resident.
A variety of measures of national income and output are used in economics to estimate total economic activity in a country or region, including gross domestic product (GDP), Gross national income (GNI), net national income (NNI), and adjusted national income (NNI adjusted for natural resource depletion – also called as NNI at factor cost).
Market exchange rate-based cross-country comparisons of GDP at its expenditure components reflect both differences in economic outputs (volumes) and prices. Given the differences in price levels, the size of higher income countries is inflated, while the size of lower income countries is depressed in the comparison.
Where the economic factor is concerned, the HDI measures gross national income instead of GDP because GNI represents what residents earn rather than the value of what they produce. ... For example ...
Countries by nominal GNI per capita according to the Atlas method (2018) This is a list of countries by gross national income per capita in 2023 at nominal values, according to the Atlas method, an indicator of income developed by the World Bank. [1] The GNI per capita is the dollar value of a country's final income in a year, divided by its ...
The rate of GNI per capita growth in annual percentage according to the World Bank for last available year is shown in below table. [1] These values of GNI per capita growth are corrected for inflation, but not adjusted for purchasing power parity.
For example, the GNI of the US is the value of output produced by American-owned firms, regardless of where the firms are located. Similarly, if a country becomes increasingly in debt, and spends large amounts of income servicing this debt this will be reflected in a decreased GNI but not a decreased GDP.
A high-income economy is defined by the World Bank as a country with a gross national income per capita of US$14,005 or more in 2023, calculated using the Atlas method. [1] While the term "high-income" is often used interchangeably with "First World" and "developed country," the technical definitions of these terms differ.