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Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is the inability to properly digest food due to a lack or reduction of digestive enzymes made by the pancreas.EPI can occur in humans and is prevalent in many conditions [1] such as cystic fibrosis, [2] Shwachman–Diamond syndrome, [3] different types of pancreatitis, [4] multiple types of diabetes mellitus (Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes), [5] advanced ...
Damage to the pancreas can reduce the production of pancreatic enzymes that aid digestion, causing Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency. Fats and nutrients are not absorbed properly, leading to loose, greasy stool known as steatorrhea. It can also lead to malnutrition. [1] [2] Weight loss even when eating habits and amounts are normal. [1]
Unexplained weight loss. Numbness or tingling in your hands or feet. Slow-healing sores or cuts. Frequent skin and/or vaginal yeast infections. People with Type 3c diabetes typically also have symptoms of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, which include: [citation needed] Abdominal pain, gas and bloating. Constipation. Diarrhoea.
Atrophic gastritis can also cause intrinsic factor deficiency and anemia through damage to the parietal cells of the stomach wall. [16] Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency can interfere with normal dissociation of vitamin B 12 from its binding proteins in the small intestine, preventing its absorption via the intrinsic factor complex. [ 17 ]
In chronic pancreatitis, weight loss, fatty stool, and diarrhea may occur. [1] [5] Complications may include infection, bleeding, diabetes mellitus, or problems with other organs. [1] The two most common causes of acute pancreatitis are a gallstone blocking the common bile duct after the pancreatic duct has joined; and heavy alcohol use. [1]
Possible causes include exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, with poor digestion from lack of lipases, loss of bile salts, which reduces micelle formation, and small intestinal disease-producing malabsorption. Various other causes include certain medicines that block fat absorption or indigestible or excess oil/fat in diet.
There is usually progression to chronic pancreatitis with endocrine and exocrine failure and a mortally increased risk of pancreatic cancer. Lifetime risk of cancer has been variously calculated as 35–54% [4] [5] [6] to the age of 75 years and screening for early pancreatic cancer is being offered to HP sufferers on a scientific basis. [7]
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas.Causes include a gallstone impacted in the common bile duct or the pancreatic duct, heavy alcohol use, systemic disease, trauma, elevated calcium levels, hypertriglyceridemia (with triglycerides usually being very elevated, over 1000 mg/dL), certain medications, hereditary causes and, in children, mumps.
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