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Protein–DNA interactions occur when a protein binds a molecule of DNA, often to regulate the biological function of DNA, usually the expression of a gene. Among the proteins that bind to DNA are transcription factors that activate or repress gene expression by binding to DNA motifs and histones that form part of the structure of DNA and bind ...
Following elution, the protein readily binds DNA, indicating the protein's high affinity for DNA. Histone-like proteins were unknown to be present in bacteria until similarities between eukaryotic histones and the HU-protein were noted, particularly because of the abundancy, basicity, and small size of both of the proteins. [8]
Its molecular weight is about 90 kDa, and it is necessary for viability in eukaryotes (possibly for prokaryotes as well). Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone essential for activating many signaling proteins in the eukaryotic cell. Each Hsp90 has an ATP-binding domain, a middle domain, and a dimerization domain.
Structure of a gene regulatory network Control process of a gene regulatory network. A gene (or genetic) regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of molecular regulators that interact with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins which, in turn, determine the function of the cell.
DnaA is a protein that activates initiation of DNA replication in bacteria. [1] Based on the Replicon Model, a positively active initiator molecule contacts with a particular spot on a circular chromosome called the replicator to start DNA replication. [2] It is a replication initiation factor which promotes the unwinding of DNA at oriC. [1]
RecA is a 38 kilodalton protein essential for the repair and maintenance of DNA in bacteria. [2] Structural and functional homologs to RecA have been found in all kingdoms of life. [3] [4] RecA serves as an archetype for this class of homologous DNA repair proteins. The homologous protein is called RAD51 in eukaryotes and RadA in archaea. [5] [6]
SMC proteins are conserved from bacteria to humans. [14] [15] Most bacteria have a single SMC protein in individual species that forms a homodimer.[16] [17] Recently SMC proteins have been shown to aid the daughter cells DNA at the origin of replication to guarantee proper segregation.
A central intermediate step in this process is the interaction of multiple copies of a recombinase protein with single-stranded DNA to form a DNP filament. Recombinases employed in this process are produced by archaea (RadA recombinase), [16] by bacteria (RecA recombinase) [17] and by eukaryotes from yeast to humans (Rad51 and Dmc1 recombinases ...