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In 1970, 320 delegates were elected to a constitutional convention which began to meet in 1971. On 23 September 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos issued the formal declaration of martial law which led to the arrests of 11 conveners, alongside government critics and journalists, by the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the Philippine Constabulary. [1]
The 1973 Philippine martial law referendum was a national referendum in which the citizens' assemblies voted for: . The ratification of the 1973 Constitution; The suspension of the convening of the Interim National Assembly provided in the transitory provisions of the 1973 Constitution
Allowing members of Congress to serve in the Constitutional Convention without forfeiting their seats No 83.44% 1973 Plebiscite Adopting the constitution Yes 90.67% Details: Calling a plebiscite to ratify the constitution No 90.96% Referendum Allow the president to continue beyond 1973 and finish the reforms under martial law Yes 90.67% Details ...
These assemblies, instead of via secret ballot, voted via showing of hands on the new constitution, and whether to hold another plebiscite for approving the constitution, from January 10 to 15, 1973. The citizens' assemblies overwhelmingly approved the constitution, and voted not to hold another plebiscite. [5]
January 10–15 – A national plebiscite referendum is held among the citizens' assemblies to ratify the new Constitution. [1] [2]January 15 – Chinese Lim Seng (Guan Suo So), upon order from Pres. Marcos on January 3, is publicly executed by firing squad in a firing range in Fort Bonifacio, Rizal for drug trafficking; the country's first execution by that method after 27 years, and only ...
Our Constitution has stabilized us since 1789, including through the Civil War, World Wars, assassinations, 9/11, and multiple catastrophes. We have experienced many trials and tribulations. Yet ...
The 1973 constitutional plebiscite was called to ratify the new constitution, but the validity of the ratification was brought to question because Marcos replaced the method of voting through secret ballot with a system of viva voce voting by "citizen's assemblies".
The Ratification Cases, officially titled as Javellana v.Executive Secretary (G.R. No. L-36142, March 31, 1973; 50 SCRA 30), was a 1973 Supreme Court of the Philippines case that allowed the 1973 Philippine Constitution to come into full force, which led to President Ferdinand Marcos staying in office and ruling by decree until he was ousted by the People Power Revolution in 1986.