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Calcium channel blockers such as verapamil and diltiazem have a longer half-life compared to adenosine. Although these blockers are safe when administered slowly, adenosine is considered safer and particularly useful in cases where an electrocardiogram does not provide clear information.
Diltiazem, sold under the brand name Cardizem among others, is a nondihydropyridine calcium channel blocker medication used to treat high blood pressure, angina, and certain heart arrhythmias. [9] It may also be used in hyperthyroidism if beta blockers cannot be used. [ 9 ]
Antihypertensive agents comprise multiple classes of compounds that are intended to manage hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy aims to maintain a blood pressure goal of <140/90 mmHg in all patients, as well as to prevent the progression or recurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in hypertensive patients with established CVD. [2]
1,3-thiazepine 1,4-thiazepine Diltiazem. 1,4-thiazepine is the seven membered ring in the middle. Thiazepines are substituted thiepins, with a nitrogen replacing a carbon in the seven-membered heterocyclic compound. [1] Depending on the location of the nitrogen, one distinguishes 1,3-thiazepine and 1,4-thiazepine. [1]
ATP can be metabolised in cardiovascular tissues to pro-aggregatory ADP, AMP or adenosine. Replacement of anhydride oxygen between phosphorus β (Pβ) and phosphorus γ (Pγ) with di-Chloro or di-Fluoro-methylene leads to a compound that is equipotent to ATP and have a similar pKa. Because of this replacement the metabolism of ATP to pro ...
Phosphorylation is essential to the processes of both anaerobic and aerobic respiration, which involve the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the "high-energy" exchange medium in the cell. During aerobic respiration, ATP is synthesized in the mitochondrion by addition of a third phosphate group to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in a ...
While procainamide and quinidine may be used in the conversion of atrial fibrillation to normal sinus rhythm, they should only be used in conjunction with an AV node blocking agent such as digoxin or verapamil, or a beta blocker, because procainamide and quinidine can increase the conduction through the AV node and may cause 1:1 conduction of ...
Episodes can be treated when they occur by Valsalva maneuver, adenosine injection or taking a AV node blocking agent as pill-in-pocket, but regular medication may also be used to prevent or reduce recurrence. While some treatment modalities can be applied to all SVTs, there are specific therapies available to treat some sub-types.