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The special climate of Svalbard – which includes the winter with perpetual darkness (October–February) and summer with perpetual light (April–August) – has a clear effect on the ecology, with many of the endemic species specially adapted to survive the harsh environment. [16] Svalbard also has among the world's fastest-moving glaciers.
The climate of Svalbard is dominated by its high latitude, with the average daily mean summer temperature at 4 to 7 °C (39 to 45 °F) (1991–2020 averages), and January averages at −13 to −9 °C (9 to 16 °F) (1991–2020).
While there is little precipitation, giving the archipelago a steppe climate, plants still have good access to water because the cold climate reduces evaporation. [3] [13] The growing season is very short, and may only last a few weeks. [14] The Svalbard poppy (Papaver dahlianum) is the symbolic
The climate of the Svalbard archipelago is arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current along the west and northern coasts. This means cool summers and cold winters along the wild, rugged mountainous islands. The high land of the island interiors is generally ice covered year round, with the west coast clear of ice about one half of the year.
Svalbard's climate is a polar tundra climate (Köppen: ET) tempered by the North Atlantic Current. The west coast of Svalbard is the warmest and wettest part of the archipelago (except for Bear Island). This is caused by the convergence of mild and humid air from the south and cold air from the north.
The island has an Arctic climate, although with significantly higher temperatures than other places at the same latitude. The flora benefits from the long period of midnight sun, which compensates for the polar night. Svalbard is a breeding ground for many seabirds and also supports polar bears, arctic foxes, reindeer, and marine mammals. Six ...
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An enlargeable basic map of Svalbard. Pronunciation: English: / ˈ s v ɑː l b ɑːr / SVAHL-bar, [2] Urban East Norwegian: [ˈsvɑ̂ːɫbɑr] Common English country name: Svalbard; Official English country name: Svalbard of the Kingdom of Norway; Common endonym(s): Official endonym(s): Adjectival(s): Demonym(s): Etymology: Name of Svalbard