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Subsequent research suggests that the differences in care-based or justice-based ethical approaches may be due to gender differences, or differences in life situations of genders. [7] [8] [9] Gilligan's summarizing of gender differences provided feminists with a voice to question moral values and practices of the society as masculine.
According to moral foundations theory, differences in people's moral concerns can be described in terms of five moral foundations: an individualizing cluster of Care and Fairness, and the group-focused binding cluster of Loyalty, Authority and Sanctity.
Ethics of justice, also known as morality of justice, is the term used by Gillgian to describe the ethics and moral reasoning common to men and preferred [clarification needed] by Kohlberg's stages of moral development. The ethics of justice deals with moral choices through a measure of rights of the people involved and chooses the solution ...
Kohlberg's theory follows the notion that justice is the essential characteristic of moral reasoning. Justice itself relies heavily upon the notion of sound reasoning based on principles. Despite being a justice-centered theory of morality, Kohlberg considered it to be compatible with plausible formulations of deontology [21] and eudaimonia.
Nursing ethics is more concerned with developing the caring relationship than broader principles, such as beneficence and justice. [6] For example, a concern to promote beneficence may be expressed in traditional medical ethics by the exercise of paternalism , where the health professional makes a decision based upon a perspective of acting in ...
Feminist justice ethics is a feminist view on morality which seeks to engage with, and ultimately transform, traditional universal approaches to ethics. [1] Like most types of feminist ethics, feminist justice ethics looks at how gender is left out of mainstream ethical considerations.
Critics of Kohlberg's approach (such as Carol Gilligan and Jane Attanucci) argue that there is an over-emphasis on justice and an under-emphasis on an additional perspective to moral reasoning, known as the care perspective. The justice perspective draws attention to inequality and oppression, while striving for reciprocal rights and equal ...
Feminist justice ethics is a feminist view on morality which seeks to engage with, and ultimately transform, traditional universal approaches to ethics. [32] Like most types of feminist ethics, feminist justice ethics looks at how gender is left out of mainstream ethical considerations. Mainstream ethics are argued to be male-oriented.