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Pashto [b] (/ ˈ p ʌ ʃ t oʊ / PUH-shto, [6] [4] [5] / ˈ p æ ʃ t oʊ / PASH-toe; [c] پښتو, Pəx̌tó, [pəʂˈto, pʊxˈto, pəʃˈto, pəçˈto]) is an Eastern Iranian language in the Indo-European language family, natively spoken in northwestern Pakistan and southern and eastern Afghanistan.
The Afghan standard is currently dominant due to the lack and negative treatment of Pashto education in Pakistan. Most writers use mixed orthography combining elements of both standards. In Pakistan, Pashto speakers who are not literate in their mother tongue often use Urdu alphabets. The main differences between the two are as follows: [12] [13]
The number of Urdu speakers in India fell 1.5% between 2001 and 2011 (then 5.08 million Urdu speakers), especially in the most Urdu-speaking states of Uttar Pradesh (c. 8% to 5%) and Bihar (c. 11.5% to 8.5%), even though the number of Muslims in these two states grew in the same period. [128]
Usually, bare transliterations of Urdu into Roman letters, Roman Urdu, omit many phonemic elements that have no equivalent in English or other languages commonly written in the Latin script. [ citation needed ] The National Language Authority of Pakistan has developed a number of systems with specific notations to signify non-English sounds ...
Hindustani (sometimes called Hindi–Urdu) is a colloquial language and lingua franca of Pakistan and the Hindi Belt of India. It forms a dialect continuum between its two formal registers: the highly Persianized Urdu, and the de-Persianized, Sanskritized Hindi. [2] Urdu uses a modification of the Persian alphabet, whereas Hindi uses Devanagari ...
Məʃarɑn wruɳa Məʃarɑn wruɳa 'Elder brothers' Class 2 Class 2 adjectives can end in either a consonant or a stressed schwa. Except for the masculine singular ablative and vocative suffixes, the suffixes of Class II are inherently stressed. These stressed suffixes are the chief difference between Class 1 and Class 2, although there are a few differences in suffix shape as well. Whether a ...
The phrase is also used in the Azerbaijani, Sindhi, Urdu, Hindi, Bengali and Punjabi languages. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] It also can be defined as "May God be your protector." Romanization
Consequently, while Kakazai Pashtuns residing in Pashto-speaking areas continue to speak Pashto, those in non-Pashto-speaking regions have experienced a linguistic shift. Despite maintaining Pashtun customs, including adherence to Pashtunwali , traditional dress, cuisine, and martial heritage, many Kakazai Pashtuns in regions such as Kabul ...