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Pashto [b] (/ ˈ p ʌ ʃ t oʊ / PUH-shto, [6] [4] [5] / ˈ p æ ʃ t oʊ / PASH-toe; [c] پښتو, Pəx̌tó, [pəʂˈto, pʊxˈto, pəʃˈto, pəçˈto]) is an Eastern Iranian language in the Indo-European language family, natively spoken in northwestern Pakistan and southern and eastern Afghanistan.
Dari and Pashto serve as the two main official languages whereas English and Urdu also remain popular. Dari historically served as the lingua franca between different ethnic groups in the region. Dari is spoken by over 75% of the population in Afghanistan, followed by Pashto 48%, Uzbek 11%, English 6%, Turkmen 3%, Urdu 3%, Pashayi 1%, Nuristani ...
Urdu is the national language and the lingua franca of Pakistan, and while sharing official status with English, it is the preferred and dominant language used for inter-communication between different ethnic groups. [2] [3] Numerous regional languages are spoken as first languages by Pakistan's various ethnolinguistic groups.
The Afghan standard is currently dominant due to the lack and negative treatment of Pashto education in Pakistan. Most writers use mixed orthography combining elements of both standards. In Pakistan, Pashto speakers who are not literate in their mother tongue often use Urdu alphabets. The main differences between the two are as follows: [12] [13]
Hindustani (sometimes called Hindi–Urdu) is a colloquial language and lingua franca of Pakistan and the Hindi Belt of India. It forms a dialect continuum between its two formal registers: the highly Persianized Urdu, and the de-Persianized, Sanskritized Hindi. [2] Urdu uses a modification of the Persian alphabet, whereas Hindi uses Devanagari ...
The differences between the standard varieties of Pashto are primarily phonological, and there are simple conversion rules. [12] The morphological differences between the standard varieties are very few and unimportant. Two of the key phonemes whose pronunciation vary between the different Pashto dialects are ښ and ږ.
Consequently, while Kakazai Pashtuns residing in Pashto-speaking areas continue to speak Pashto, those in non-Pashto-speaking regions have experienced a linguistic shift. Despite maintaining Pashtun customs, including adherence to Pashtunwali , traditional dress, cuisine, and martial heritage, many Kakazai Pashtuns in regions such as Kabul ...
The phrase is also used in the Azerbaijani, Sindhi, Urdu, Hindi, Bengali and Punjabi languages. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] It also can be defined as "May God be your protector." Romanization