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Encryption and/or authentication of documents (e.g., the XML Signature or XML Encryption standards if documents are encoded as XML); Authentication of users to applications (e.g., smart card logon, client authentication with SSL/TLS). There's experimental usage for digitally signed HTTP authentication in the Enigform and mod_openpgp projects;
Most commercial certificate authority (CA) software uses PKCS #11 to access the CA signing key [clarification needed] or to enroll user certificates. Cross-platform software that needs to use smart cards uses PKCS #11, such as Mozilla Firefox and OpenSSL (using an extension). It is also used to access smart cards and HSMs.
After installation the software on the node is configured to act as a Certificate Authority (CA), Registration Authority (RA) or End-Entity Enrollment (EE) node. [4] [2]One client implementation is a web frontend that allows end-users to access the OpenXPKI system using a web browser, and a command line interface also available for system administrators. [5]
In public key infrastructure (PKI) systems, a certificate signing request (CSR or certification request) is a message sent from an applicant to a certificate authority of the public key infrastructure (PKI) in order to apply for a digital identity certificate. The CSR usually contains the public key for which the certificate should be issued ...
In cryptography, a public key certificate, also known as a digital certificate or identity certificate, is an electronic document used to prove the validity of a public key. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The certificate includes the public key and information about it, information about the identity of its owner (called the subject), and the digital signature of ...
This document is published in the PKI perimeter. When in use with X.509 certificates, a specific field can be set to include a link to the associated certificate policy. Thus, during an exchange, any relying party has an access to the assurance level associated with the certificate, and can decide on the level of trust to put in the certificate.
An early issue with Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and X.509 certificates was the well known "which directory" problem. The problem is the client does not know where to fetch missing intermediate certificates because the global X.500 directory never materialized. The problem was mitigated by including all intermediate certificates in a request.
Due to the use of the self-signed PKCS#10 format for Certificate Signing Requests (CSR), certificates can be enrolled only for keys that support (some form of) signing. A limitation shared by other enrollment protocols based on PKCS#10 CSRs, e.g., EST and ACME , or even the web-based enrollment workflow of most PKI software where the requester ...
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