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There are two types of active transport: primary active transport that uses adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and secondary active transport that uses an electrochemical gradient. This process is in contrast to passive transport , which allows molecules or ions to move down their concentration gradient, from an area of high concentration to an area ...
The process of breathing does not fill the alveoli with atmospheric air during each inhalation (about 350 ml per breath), but the inhaled air is carefully diluted and thoroughly mixed with a large volume of gas (about 2.5 liters in adult humans) known as the functional residual capacity which remains in the lungs after each exhalation, and ...
The citric acid cycle is also called the Krebs cycle or the tricarboxylic acid cycle. When oxygen is present, acetyl-CoA is produced from the pyruvate molecules created from glycolysis. Once acetyl-CoA is formed, aerobic or anaerobic respiration can occur. When oxygen is present, the mitochondria will undergo aerobic respiration which leads to ...
Secondary active transport is when one solute moves down the electrochemical gradient to produce enough energy to force the transport of another solute from low concentration to high concentration. [ citation needed ] An example of where this occurs is in the movement of glucose within the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT).
Active transport is the movement of a substance across a membrane against its concentration gradient. This is usually to accumulate high concentrations of molecules that a cell needs, such as glucose or amino acids. If the process uses chemical energy, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), it is called primary active transport.
A form of active transport and bulk transport in which a cell transports molecules out of the cell by expelling them through an energy-dependent process. exogenous (of a substance or process) Originating outside of or external to a system (such as an organism, tissue, or cell), as with drugs and many pathogens. Contrast endogenous. exponential ...
Priority is often given for Priestley because his work was published first. Priestley, however, called oxygen "dephlogisticated air", and did not recognize it as a chemical element. The name oxygen was coined in 1777 by Antoine Lavoisier, who first recognized oxygen as a chemical element and correctly characterized the role it plays in combustion.
Dry air: 159: Air is ~21% oxygen [2] Moist air: 150: Air is humidified in the respiratory tract [2] Alveolar air: 110-100: Alveolar air includes exhaust gases such as CO 2 [2] [3] Arterial blood (PaO 2) 98-95: Oxygen must cross the alveoli, leading to a drop in PO 2 called the alveolar-to-arterial gradient (typically a drop of 1-5 mmHg, but ...