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The Boston Naming Test (BNT), introduced in 1983 by Edith Kaplan, Harold Goodglass and Sandra Weintraub, is a widely used neuropsychological assessment tool to measure confrontational word retrieval in individuals with aphasia or other language disturbance caused by stroke, Alzheimer's disease, or other dementing disorder. [1]
Performance in verbal fluency tests show a number of consistent characteristics in both children and adults: [13] [6] [14] A declining rate of production of new items over the duration of the task, which was long discussed as following either an exponential [15] or a hyperbolic [16] time course, [7] which finally could be shown to be special cases of a unifying power function (the fused ...
Therapy activities may include: Single-word comprehension: A common treatment method used to support single-word comprehension skills is known as a pointing drill. Through this method, clinicians lay out a variety of images in front of a patient. The patient is asked to point to the image that corresponds to the word provided by the clinician. [2]
To improve word retrieval and initiation difficulties, clinicians may use confrontation naming in which the patient is asked to name various objects and pictures. Depending on the severity, they may also use sentence completion tasks in which the clinician says sentences with the final word(s) missing and expects the patient to fill in the ...
Priming words during word retrieval tests generally reduces the frequency of TOTs and improves the retrieval of the target word and has been shown to have a larger benefit for older adults. [25] [33] This is consistent with the spreading activation model, where neural connections are strengthened when used more. [33]
During this phase, performing a parallel task can severely impair retrieval success. [39] It is believed that this phase requires much attention to properly encode the information at hand, and thus a distractor task does not allow proper input and reduces the amount of information learned.
Patients have difficulty generating names, especially with phonological tasks such as words starting with a certain letter. [24] [clarification needed] They also have word-retrieval difficulties in spontaneous speech but still have relatively preserved naming of presented stimuli. [24] Later, loss of naming of low-frequency lexical items occurs.
The lexical decision task is an implicit memory task in which participants are given a stimulus (a string of letters), and asked to decide whether this string is a word or a nonword. Nonwords are made by replacing at least one letter in a word with another letter (ex. mark becomes marb). [ 15 ]