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Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is life-threatening leukemia in which malignant megakaryoblasts proliferate abnormally and injure various tissues. Megakaryoblasts are the most immature precursor cells in a platelet-forming lineage; they mature to promegakaryocytes and, ultimately, megakaryocytes which cells shed membrane-enclosed particles, i.e. platelets, into the circulation.
Megakaryoblasts can range from 6μm to 24μm in diameter. [9] The megakaryoblast has a high nucleus to cytoplasm ratio with a nucleus that may be 3 to 5 times the size of the cytoplasm. The nucleus is generally oval, kidney shaped or lobed. Several nucleoli are visible, along with loose chromatin. [10]
CFU-GEMM gives rise to CFU-GM (leading to monoblasts and myeloblasts), CFU-Meg (leading to megakaryoblasts), and CFU-E (leading to proerythroblasts). The stem cell will follow a specific lineage depending on the presence of certain growth factors and cytokines. The GM-CSF and IL-3 both work together to stimulate production of all lines.
A megakaryocyte (from mega- 'large' karyo- 'cell nucleus' and -cyte 'cell') is a large bone marrow cell with a lobated nucleus that produces blood platelets (thrombocytes), which are necessary for normal clotting.
In 2015, leukemia was present in 2.3 million people worldwide and caused 353,500 deaths. [7] [8] In 2012, it had newly developed in 352,000 people. [10] It is the most common type of cancer in children, with three-quarters of leukemia cases in children being the acute lymphoblastic type. [3]
Some types may develop into acute myeloid leukemia. [3] Risk factors include previous chemotherapy or radiation therapy, exposure to certain chemicals such as tobacco smoke, pesticides, and benzene, and exposure to heavy metals such as mercury or lead. [3] Problems with blood cell formation result in some combination of low red blood cell ...
Promegakaryocyte. A promegakaryocyte is a precursor cell for a megakaryocyte, the development of which proceeds as follows: [1]. CFU-Meg (hematopoietic stem cell/hemocytoblast) → megakaryoblast → promegakaryocyte → megakaryocyte
In these cases, the mediastinal germ cell tumor develops before or concomitantly with but not after acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. The three most common genetic aberrations in the bone marrow cells of these individuals (representing ~65% of all cases) are inversions in the long arm of chromosome 12 , trisomy 8 , and an extra X chromosome .